The definition of WM has evolved from the concept of short-term memory but is defined in three different ways: as short-term memory applied to cognitive tasks as a multi-component system that holds and manipulates the information in the short-term memory and as the use of attention to manage the short-term memory. Working memory (WM) refers to a limited system that provides for the temporary storage and manipulation of the information necessary for complex cognitive tasks and that provides an interface between perception, long-term memory and action. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. 3087060036), and National Basic Research Program of China (973 program, No. 11JCZDJC19300), Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.įunding: This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin (No. Received: SeptemAccepted: JanuPublished: February 16, 2012Ĭopyright: © 2012 Li et al. Chialvo, National Research & Technology Council, Argentina Our findings suggest that DB performance is related to the structural and functional organizations of the brain areas that are involved in the auditory phonological loop and the SN.Ĭitation: Li R, Qin W, Zhang Y, Jiang T, Yu C (2012) The Neuronal Correlates of Digits Backward Are Revealed by Voxel-Based Morphometry and Resting-State Functional Connectivity Analyses. We also found that the DB scores were negatively correlated with the rsFC within an anti-correlation network of the SN, between the right posterior STG and the left posterior insula. We found that the DB scores were positively correlated with the rsFCs within the salience network (SN), that is, between the right anterior STG, the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and the right fronto-insular cortex. Voxel-based correlation analysis was then performed between the positive rsFCs of these four clusters and the DB scores. The VBM analysis showed positive correlations between the DB scores and the gray matter volumes in the right anterior superior temporal gyrus (STG), the right posterior STG, the left inferior frontal gyrus and the left Rolandic operculum, which are four critical areas in the auditory phonological loop of the verbal working memory. The aim of this study is to investigate the neural correlates of DB in 299 healthy young adults by combining voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) analyses. However, its neural correlates remain elusive. Digits backward (DB) is a widely used neuropsychological measure that is believed to be a simple and effective index of the capacity of the verbal working memory.

Digit span test backward interpretation